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<title>UTas ePrints - Trade in pipehorses Solegnathus spp. for traditional medicine in Hong Kong</title>
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<meta content="Martin-Smith, Keith M." name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Lam, Timothy Fung-ngai" name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Lee, Samuel Kwok-hung" name="eprints.creators_name" />
<meta content="Keith.MartinSmith@utas.edu.au" name="eprints.creators_id" />
<meta content="" name="eprints.creators_id" />
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<meta content="2007-09-27" name="eprints.datestamp" />
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<meta content="wildlife trade, syngnathids, marine products, traditional medicine" name="eprints.keywords" />
<meta content="Pipehorses - large members of the seahorse family
Syngnathidae - are highly valuable ingredients in
traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The volume,
value, sources and trade routes of pipehorses in
international trade remain poorly understood, however.
This study, carried out in Hong Kong SAR (Special
Administrative Region) in January 2002, provides first
estimates of these variables from interviews with wholesalers,
retail surveys and Customs data. It appears that
at least 1000-2000 kg of pipehorses are traded each
year within Hong Kong, with a retail value of
HKD2700-6700 per kg. Historically, Australia has been
the most important source nation. However, indirect
estimates from Customs data suggest that Malaysia, the
Philippines and particularly Thailand may also be
important exporters of pipehorses to Hong Kong. The
effect of trade on the survival of pipehorse populations
cannot be evaluated at present. To ensure long-term
sustainability of pipehorse trade and to avoid the need
to consider listing under CITES, increased engagement
with TCM stakeholders is required. This will allow
more precise evaluation of the trade, determination of
alternatives to pipehorses in TCM and acceptability of
management measures or controls. In addition, reporting
by genus or species from other source and import
nations is urgently required to determine the global
effects of trade on pipehorses." name="eprints.abstract" />
<meta content="2003-10" name="eprints.date" />
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<meta content="3" name="eprints.number" />
<meta content="139-148" name="eprints.pagerange" />
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<meta content="Ballie, J., Groombridge, B. (compilers) (1996). 1996 IUCN
Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland
and Cambridge, UK.
Bensky, D., Gamble, A. (eds) (1993). Chinese Herbal Medicine:
Materia Medica (revised edition). Eastland Press,
Seattle, USA.
Bowles, D.R.J. (2001). The nature of the bycatch fishery of
Solegnathus spp. (Pipehorses) in NSW demersal trawl
fisheries. Report to NSW Fisheries Scientific Committee.
CITES (2002). Web Notice. Amendments to Appendices I and
II of the Convention adopted by the Conference of the
Parties at its 12th meeting in Santiago, Chile, from 3 to 15
November 2002. http://www.cites.org/common/cop/12/
appendix_notice.PDF.
Connolly, R.M., Cronin, E.R., Thomas, B.E. (2001). Trawl
bycatch of syngnathids in Queensland: catch rates,
distribution and population biology of Solegnathus
pipehorses (seadragons). Fisheries Research and Development
Corporation Project No. 1999/124. Griffith
University, Gold Coast.
Dawson, C.E. (1985). Indo-Pacific Pipefishes (Red Sea to the
Americas). The Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, Ocean
City, Mississippi, USA.
Hilton-Taylor, C. (compiler) (2002). 2002 IUCN Red List of
Threatened Species. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and
Cambridge, UK.
Kuiter, R.H. (2000). Seahorses, Pipefishes and their Relatives.
A Comprehensive Guide to Syngnathiformes. TMC
Publishing, Chorleywood, UK.
Lourie, S.A., Vincent, A.C.J., Hall, H.J. (1999). Seahorses: an
Identification Guide to the WorldâÂÂs Species and their
Conservation. Project Seahorse, London.
Project Seahorse (unpublished data). The International Trade
in Seahorses and their Relatives. Vincent, A.C.J. and Perry,
A.P. (eds).
Vincent, A.C.J. (1995). Trade in seahorses for traditional
Chinese medicines, aquarium fishes and curios. TRAFFIC
Bulletin 15(3):125-128.
Vincent, A.C.J. (1996). The International Trade in Seahorses.
TRAFFIC International, Cambridge, UK." name="eprints.referencetext" />
<meta content="Martin-Smith, Keith M. and Lam, Timothy Fung-ngai and Lee, Samuel Kwok-hung (2003) Trade in pipehorses Solegnathus spp. for traditional medicine in Hong Kong. TRAFFIC Bulletin, 19 (3). pp. 139-148. ISSN 0267-4297" name="eprints.citation" />
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<meta content="Martin-Smith, Keith M." name="DC.creator" />
<meta content="Lam, Timothy Fung-ngai" name="DC.creator" />
<meta content="Lee, Samuel Kwok-hung" name="DC.creator" />
<meta content="300799 Fisheries Sciences not elsewhere classified" name="DC.subject" />
<meta content="Pipehorses - large members of the seahorse family
Syngnathidae - are highly valuable ingredients in
traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The volume,
value, sources and trade routes of pipehorses in
international trade remain poorly understood, however.
This study, carried out in Hong Kong SAR (Special
Administrative Region) in January 2002, provides first
estimates of these variables from interviews with wholesalers,
retail surveys and Customs data. It appears that
at least 1000-2000 kg of pipehorses are traded each
year within Hong Kong, with a retail value of
HKD2700-6700 per kg. Historically, Australia has been
the most important source nation. However, indirect
estimates from Customs data suggest that Malaysia, the
Philippines and particularly Thailand may also be
important exporters of pipehorses to Hong Kong. The
effect of trade on the survival of pipehorse populations
cannot be evaluated at present. To ensure long-term
sustainability of pipehorse trade and to avoid the need
to consider listing under CITES, increased engagement
with TCM stakeholders is required. This will allow
more precise evaluation of the trade, determination of
alternatives to pipehorses in TCM and acceptability of
management measures or controls. In addition, reporting
by genus or species from other source and import
nations is urgently required to determine the global
effects of trade on pipehorses." name="DC.description" />
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<h1 class="ep_tm_pagetitle">Trade in pipehorses Solegnathus spp. for traditional medicine in Hong Kong</h1>
<p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><span class="person_name">Martin-Smith, Keith M.</span> and <span class="person_name">Lam, Timothy Fung-ngai</span> and <span class="person_name">Lee, Samuel Kwok-hung</span> (2003) <xhtml:em>Trade in pipehorses Solegnathus spp. for traditional medicine in Hong Kong.</xhtml:em> TRAFFIC Bulletin, 19 (3). pp. 139-148. ISSN 0267-4297</p><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"></p><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block"><tr><td valign="top" style="text-align:center"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/883/1/Martin-Smith_et_al_2003.pdf"><img alt="[img]" src="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/style/images/fileicons/application_pdf.png" class="ep_doc_icon" border="0" /></a></td><td valign="top"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/883/1/Martin-Smith_et_al_2003.pdf"><span class="ep_document_citation">PDF</span></a> - Full text restricted - Requires a PDF viewer<br />293Kb</td></tr></table><p style="margin-bottom: 1em" class="not_ep_block">Official URL: <a href="http://www.traffic.org/content/388.pdf">http://www.traffic.org/content/388.pdf</a></p><div class="not_ep_block"><h2>Abstract</h2><p style="padding-bottom: 16px; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 0em auto">Pipehorses - large members of the seahorse family
Syngnathidae - are highly valuable ingredients in
traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The volume,
value, sources and trade routes of pipehorses in
international trade remain poorly understood, however.
This study, carried out in Hong Kong SAR (Special
Administrative Region) in January 2002, provides first
estimates of these variables from interviews with wholesalers,
retail surveys and Customs data. It appears that
at least 1000-2000 kg of pipehorses are traded each
year within Hong Kong, with a retail value of
HKD2700-6700 per kg. Historically, Australia has been
the most important source nation. However, indirect
estimates from Customs data suggest that Malaysia, the
Philippines and particularly Thailand may also be
important exporters of pipehorses to Hong Kong. The
effect of trade on the survival of pipehorse populations
cannot be evaluated at present. To ensure long-term
sustainability of pipehorse trade and to avoid the need
to consider listing under CITES, increased engagement
with TCM stakeholders is required. This will allow
more precise evaluation of the trade, determination of
alternatives to pipehorses in TCM and acceptability of
management measures or controls. In addition, reporting
by genus or species from other source and import
nations is urgently required to determine the global
effects of trade on pipehorses.</p></div><table style="margin-bottom: 1em" cellpadding="3" class="not_ep_block" border="0"><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Item Type:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">Article</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Keywords:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">wildlife trade, syngnathids, marine products, traditional medicine</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Subjects:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/view/subjects/300799.html">300000 Agricultural, Veterinary and Environmental Sciences > 300700 Fisheries Sciences > 300799 Fisheries Sciences not elsewhere classified</a></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ID Code:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">883</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited By:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><span class="ep_name_citation"><span class="person_name">Dr Keith Martin-Smith</span></span></td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Deposited On:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">27 Sep 2007</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">Last Modified:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row">09 Jan 2008 02:30</td></tr><tr><th valign="top" class="ep_row">ePrint Statistics:</th><td valign="top" class="ep_row"><a target="ePrintStats" href="/es/index.php?action=show_detail_eprint;id=883;">View statistics for this ePrint</a></td></tr></table><p align="right">Repository Staff Only: <a href="http://eprints.utas.edu.au/cgi/users/home?screen=EPrint::View&eprintid=883">item control page</a></p>
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